Convert energy per unit volume
Energy per unit volume compares an energy quantity with the volume that contains or releases it. CalcOS converts supported values through joules per cubic meter. Reciprocal units such as liters per megajoule reverse that relationship.
“Fuel Efficiency — Volume” does not mean vehicle mileage or thermodynamic efficiency. The quantity being converted is volumetric energy density.
US liquid and Imperial gallons remain separate
| Unit | Volume basis | Energy basis |
|---|---|---|
| BtuIT/gal (US) | 1 US liquid gallon = 0.003785411784 m³ | 1 BtuIT = 1055.056 J |
| BtuIT/gal (Imp) | 1 Imperial gallon = 0.00454609 m³ | 1 BtuIT = 1055.056 J |
| calₜₕ/mL | 1 mL = 10⁻⁶ m³ | 1 calₜₕ = 4.184 J |
| calIT/mL | 1 mL = 10⁻⁶ m³ | 1 calIT = 4.1868 J |
Volume depends on measurement conditions
Many liquids and gases change volume with temperature and pressure. This calculator preserves the volume basis of the value supplied; it does not normalize a fuel to standard conditions or infer missing measurement conditions.
Mass and volume energy density are not interchangeable
Changing MJ/kg into MJ/L requires a material density at declared conditions. CalcOS does not assume gasoline, diesel, hydrogen, battery, food, or any other material and therefore does not cross that boundary.
Higher and lower heating values are not interchangeable
HHV, gross calorific value, LHV, and net calorific value use different test and water-vapor assumptions. This calculator changes units without converting between those contexts.
Reciprocal zero and infinity
Zero energy per volume corresponds to infinite volume per energy. Zero volume per energy corresponds to infinite energy per volume. CalcOS displays ∞ for these mathematical limits.
Authoritative references: BIPM SI Brochure, NIST SP 811 Appendix B.8, and UK Weights and Measures Regulations 1976.